Conservation * Development * Self-Government

In this section, each soil series recognized in the county is described.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which it formed are identified for each series.  A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil, that is typical of the series in the county is described.  Pedons used in this publication were primarily described and documented as part of the Delaware County modernization process.  In certain circumstances, pedons from adjacent survey areas or from the site of the official series description (OSD) were utilized.  In most cases, typical pedons from adjacent survey areas were used to provide consistent supporting data and documentation across survey area boundaries.  In the case of OSD's, it was to transition toward the use of official series descriptions as part of a nationwide trend in soil survey publications.  The detailed description of each soil horizon follows standards in Soil Survey Manual (19).  Many of the technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in Soil Taxonomy (18).  Unless otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for moist soil.  Following the pedon description is the range of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

The map units of each soil series are described in the section "Detailed Soil Map Units."

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines
Position on the landform: Back slopes, shoulders
Slope: 12 to 50 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Cardington, Centerburg, Pewamo, Sloan

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Amanda silt loam, eroded, on a 10 percent slope; the official soil series description pedon located in Licking County; Washington Township; about 1 mile southwest of Utica; 1,950 feet north and 810 feet east of the southwest corner of quarter township 2, T. 4 N., R. 12 W.

Ap=0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mixed subsoil material; 4 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) coatings along root channels; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2=14 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3=21 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; few fine yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron and manganese accumulation; 8 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4=28 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron and manganese accumulation; 8 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
BC=35 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron and manganese accumulation; 8 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C=45 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; massive; firm; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

A or Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, loam, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 10 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=loam or silt loam
Content of rock fragments=5 to 10 percent
 

Bennington Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines
Position on the landform: Slight rises, flat areas, knolls, swell and swale topography, back slopes
Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Adjacent soils: Cardington, Centerburg, Amanda, Condit, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon
Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Berkshire Township; about 0.75 mile west of Berkshire; 80 feet south and 3,660 feet west of the intersection of U. S. Highway 36/Ohio Highway 37 and South Galena Rd.

Ap=0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; few fine and medium roots; 2 percent pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
BE=8 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg=10 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings in root channels; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1=15 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky and moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and few distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2=23 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
BCt=29 to 54 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings in old root channels; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C=54 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; massive; firm; few distinct gray (10YR 6/1) carbonate coatings on faces of partings; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 28 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 26 to 60 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Content of rock fragments=2 to 5 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Blount Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Slow or very slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines
Position on the landform: Slight rises, flat areas, knolls, swell and swale topography, back slopes
Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Adjacent soils: Glynwood, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon
Blount silt loam on a 1 percent slope; the official soil series description pedon located in Mercer County; Washington Township; approximately 1.25 miles east of Wabash; 130 feet west and 1880 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 6 S., R. 1 E.

Ap=0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common roots; 3 percent pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Btg=7 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; moderate medium subangular structure; firm; common roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions on vertical faces of peds; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt=12 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; weak fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions with clear boundaries in the matrix; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions with clear boundaries and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 4 percent pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BCtg=23 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate coatings on vertical faces of peds; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 8 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; slightly effervescent; clear wavy boundary.
CB=30 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium platy structure; very firm; common distinct white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate coatings on surfaces; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; gradual wavy boundary.
Cd1=42 to 54 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; massive; very firm; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate coatings on surfaces; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; gradual wavy boundary.
Cd2=54 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; massive; very firm; 10 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 45 inches
Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 1 to 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt and Btg horizons:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Content of rock fragments=3 to 10 percent

Cd horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=5 to 15 percent
 

Brecksville Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Parent material: Residuum from shale
Landform: Valley sides of dissected till plains
Position on the landform: Back slopes
Slope: 25 to 70 percent

Adjacent soils: Gallman, Sloan

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrepts

Typical Pedon
Brecksville silt loam, in an area of Latham-Brecksville complex, 25 to 70 percent slopes, in Berlin Township; about 2 miles east of Berkshire; 400 feet south and 2,700 feet west of the intersection of North 3 B's and K Rd. and Heverlo Rd.

Oi=.5 to 0 inches; leaf litter.
A=0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; strong fine and very fine granular structure; very friable; many medium and common fine roots; 10 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BE=3 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; very few faint brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 35 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw=8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 30 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C=18 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silty clay loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; 40 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Cr=22 to 32 inches; black soft shale.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 18 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silty clay loam or channery silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 30 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=silty clay loam, channery silty clay loam, or very channery silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=5 to 40 percent
 

Cardington Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: End moraines, ground moraines
Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders, back slopes
Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Bennington, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in Brown Township; quarter township 4; 1.7 miles southeast of Kilbourne; 9,150 feet south of Kilbourne on Old State Rd., then 3,050 feet east; 59 yards south of east-west fence.

Ap=0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
B/E=8 to 12 inches; 86 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam (B); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; 14 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam (E); the E material is in many distinct clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt1=12 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=20 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3=27 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few dark masses of iron and manganese accumulation; few medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
BC=32 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint films on vertical faces of peds; common medium distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C=38 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; massive; firm; 5 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 28 to 50 inches
Depth to carbonates: 26 to 45 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Centerburg Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: End moraines, ground moraines
Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders, back slopes
Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Bennington, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Centerburg silt loam on a 3 percent slope; the official soil series description pedon located in Licking County; St. Albans Township; about 1 mile north of Alexandria; 1,890 yards south and 1,370 yards east of the northwest corner of quarter township 1, T. 2 N., R. 14 W.

Ap=0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; 2 percent pebbles; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=7 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bt2=12 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; 4 percent pebbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3=16 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay depletions on faces of peds; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4=23 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
BCt=29 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron and manganese accumulation throughout; 2 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C1=35 to 40 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; massive; firm; common fine and medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine prominent white (10YR 8/2) weathered limestone fragments; 8 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C2=40 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) and faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 8 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 30 to 54 inches
Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=loam or silt loam
Content of rock fragments=3 to 15 percent
 

Condit Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Ground moraines
Position on the landform: Closed depressions
Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Cardington, Centerburg, Bennington, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Typic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon
Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in Kingston Township; about 2.5 miles northwest of Olive Green; 720 feet south and 1,650 feet west of the intersection of Kilbourne Rd. and Blue Church Rd.

Ap=0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common very fine roots; 10 percent intermixing of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Btg1 material; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Btg1=10 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2=16 to 32 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; very few very fine roots; many faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1=32 to 50 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2=50 to 70 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few prominent very dark gray (N 3/0) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in old root channels; 2 percent pebbles; moderately acid in the upper part grading to neutral in the lower part; gradual wavy boundary.
C=70 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; massive; firm; few prominent gray (N 5/0) iron depletions surrounding old root channels; few medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 38 to 75 inches
Depth to carbonates: 38 to 75 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 3 percent

Btg horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 0 to 2
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam, with thin subhorizons of silty clay in some pedons
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam, with thin subhorizons of silty clay in some pedons
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

C horizon:
Color=value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=1 to 10 percent
 

Edwards Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Permeability: Moderate slow to moderately rapid in the organic material; moderately slow or slow in the marl
Parent material: Organic deposits overlying marl
Landform: Outwash plains
Position on the landform: Depressions
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Stone, Pewamo, Millgrove

Taxonomic class: Marly, euic, mesic Limnic Medisaprists

Typical Pedon
Edwards muck on a 1 percent slope; the official soil series description pedon located in Washtenaw County, Michigan; about 7 miles south of the town of Chelsea; 1,805 feet south and 420 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 18, T. 3 S., R. 4 E.

Oa1=0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck; about 5 percent fiber before and after rubbing; moderate fine granular structure; friable; sodium pyrophosphate very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); herbaceous fibers; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
Oa2=9 to 15 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face muck, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) rubbed; about 10 percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; weak thick platy structure; friable; sodium pyrophosphate very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); herbaceous fibers; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Oa3=15 to 32 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck; about 15 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak thick platy structure; friable; sodium pyrophosphate very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); herbaceous fibers; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Lma=32 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) marl; massive; friable; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the organic deposit: 16 to 24 inches
Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Oa horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or is neutral, value of 2, chroma of 0 to 2
Texture=sapric material
 
Lma horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=marl
 

Gallman Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Parent material: Outwash; outwash overlying till in the till substratum phase
Landform: Outwash terraces, kames, end moraines
Position on the landform: Flat areas, summits, shoulders, back slopes, knolls
Slope: 0 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Centerburg, Glynwood, Lobdell, Millgrove, Sloan

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Gallman silt loam, loamy substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in Orange Township; about 3 miles south of Africa; 1,790 feet north and 2,940 feet west of the intersection of Africa Rd. and Moss Rd.

Ap=0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine and medium granular; firm; few fine and very fine roots; 10 percent pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
AB=9 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1=16 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; 25 percent pebbles, mostly shale; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=24 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 35 percent pebbles, mostly shale; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3=34 to 44 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 35 percent pebbles, mostly shale; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4=44 to 50 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent pebbles; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.
Bt5=50 to 73 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films between sand grains; 2 percent pebbles; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary.
C=73 to 80 inches; 70 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and 30 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam; single grain; loose; 2 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 55 to 120 inches
Depth to till: Greater than 80 inches; 60 to 80 inches in the till substratum phase
Depth to carbonates: 50 to 120 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam or loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=5 to 30 percent in the upper part and 2 to 40 percent in the lower part

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=loam or sandy loam with strata of loamy sand or sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=2 to 40 percent

2C horizon (till substratum):
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Glynwood Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Slow or very slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines
Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders, back slopes
Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Blount, Lybrand, Milton, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Glynwood silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in Scioto Township; about 1 mile southeast of Ostrander; 690 feet south and 510 feet west of the intersection of Calhoun Rd. and Newhouse Rd.

Ap=0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1=8 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 5/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2=12 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3=25 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium platy structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 5/3) and few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Cd=33 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; massive; very firm; few fine roots; few distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) carbonate coatings on faces of partings; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of partings; 10 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 25 to 40 inches
Depth to carbonates: 16 to 36 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=silty clay, clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Cd horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Heverlo Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Outwash overlying shale
Landform: Valley sides on till plains
Position on the landform: Back slopes and shoulders
Slope: 25 to 70 percent

Adjacent soils: Gallman, Lobdell

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Heverlo silt loam, 25 to 70 percent slopes; the official soil series description pedon located in Morrow County; Peru Township; about 1 mile southwest of West Liberty; 1,050 feet northeast of the intersection of County Rd. 24 and County Rd. 15, along County Rd. 24, then 900 feet east.

A=0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; strong fine and medium granular structure; friable; few coarse and common fine and medium roots; few fine tubular and vesicular pores; 5 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
AE=4 to 9 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few coarse and common fine and medium roots; few fine tubular and vesicular pores; 5 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
BE=9 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few coarse and common fine and medium roots; many fine vesicular and few medium tubular pores; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) krotovinas; tonguing of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) material; 10 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1=14 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few coarse, medium, and fine roots; common fine vesicular and few fine and medium tubular pores; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 15 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2=20 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common fine vesicular and few fine tubular pores; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 30 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Cr=33 to 43 inches; variegated very dark brown (10YR 2/2), black (10YR 2/1), and dark gray (10YR 4/1) highly fractured shale; cuts with spade.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, clay, or the gravelly or channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=5 to 35 percent
 

Hyatts Series

Depth class: Deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Till and the underlying residuum from shale
Landform: Ground moraines
Position on the landform: Flat areas, swell and swale topography, knolls, back slopes
Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Adjacent soils: Loudonville, Pewamo, Rarden, Smothers

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon
Hyatts silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Genoa Township; about 2 miles southwest of Harlem; 1,340 feet north and 2,530 feet west of the intersection of Smothers Rd. and Red Bank Rd.

Ap=0 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; many very fine and medium roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix and in pores; few medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese nodules with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 1 percent pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=11 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common fine and very fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay depletions on faces of peds and in pores; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese nodules with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 1 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2=16 to 31 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many prominent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; common medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent pebbles; strongly acid in the upper part grading to neutral in the lower part; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3=31 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent pebbles; 10 percent soft limestone and shale fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Btk=35 to 46 inches; variegated color pattern consisting of 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 40 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and 20 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct gray (N 6/0) clay films on faces of peds; common prominent white (N 8/0) carbonate coatings on faces of peds; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings in 5 to 10 mm thick old root channels; 10 percent pararock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Crk=46 to 56 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 50 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) soft shale; many prominent white (N 8/0) carbonate coatings in horizontal fractures.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
Depth to carbonates: 26 to 50 inches
Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam or silty clay
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

2Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, silty clay, or the channery analog of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 25 percent
 

Jimtown Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Outwash
Landform: Outwash terraces
Position on the landform: Flat areas
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Cardington, Centerburg, Gallman, Millgrove, Sloan

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon
Jimtown silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Knox County; Brown Township; about 3 miles south of Jelloway; 1,750 feet west along Orange Hill Road from the intersection of Orange Hill Road and Ohio Highway 205, then 1,300 feet north.

Ap=0 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
BE=12 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1=15 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; moderately acid; diffuse wavy boundary.
Bt2=22 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin strata of sandy loam; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of peds; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay bridges between pebbles; many prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) stains on pebbles; few medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 40 percent pebbles; pebble line along the lower boundary; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3=32 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of peds; many faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on pebbles and clay bridges between pebbles; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) stains on pebbles; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 40 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4=39 to 46 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly loam; massive; friable; thin strata of very gravelly clay loam; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on pebbles and clay bridges between pebbles; few prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) stains on pebbles; 45 percent pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C=46 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very gravelly loam; massive; friable; many prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) stains on pebbles; 35 percent pebbles; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 36 to 48 inches
Depth to carbonates: Greater than 48 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt and Btg horizons:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=loam, clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analog of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 30 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=5 to 60 percent
 

Latham Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Residuum from shale
Landform: Dissected areas on till plains
Position on the landform: Shoulders
Slope: 25 to 70 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Bennington, Cardington,

Taxonomic class: Clayey, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludults

Typical Pedon
Latham silt loam, in an area of Latham-Brecksville complex, 25 to 70 percent slopes, in Berlin Township; about 2 miles east of Berkshire; 120 feet south and 2,670 feet west of the intersection of North 3 B's and K Rd. and Heverlo Rd.

A=0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; 2 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
BE=3 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; 5 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1=11 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=18 to 21 inches; variegated color pattern consisting of 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 50 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few prominent gray (N 6/0) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; 5 percent shale channers; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C=21 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silty clay loam; massive; firm; few fine roots; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on rock fragments and on faces of partings; 25 percent shale channers; 25 percent soft shale fragments; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
Cr=30 to 40 inches; black soft shale.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 2.5Y, 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 8
Texture=silty clay loam, silty clay, or the channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 20 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, silty clay, or the channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 30 percent
 

Leoni Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the subsoil; moderately rapid or rapid in the substratum
Parent material: Outwash
Landform: Eskers, kames
Position on the landform: Back slopes, shoulders
Slope: 12 to 25 percent

Adjacent soils: Pewamo, Scioto, Stone

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Leoni gravelly sandy loam, on a 4 percent slope; the official soil series description pedon located in Jackson County, Michigan; about 1.5 miles north of Jackson; 460 feet south and 2,240 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 2 S., R 1 W.

Ap=0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 20 percent pebbles; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
BE=11 to 13 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 25 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1=13 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin clay films on faces of peds and on pebbles; 35 percent pebbles; 3 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2=18 to 29 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin clay films on faces of peds and on pebbles; 30 percent pebbles; 10 percent cobbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
BC=29 to 42 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 35 percent pebbles; 3 percent cobbles; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary.
C=42 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) extremely gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; 75 percent pebbles; 5 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 35 to 60 inches
Depth to carbonates: 0 to 24 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

A or Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=gravelly loam or very gravelly loam
Content of rock fragments=15 to 40 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture=very gravelly or extremely gravelly analogues of loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
Content of rock fragments=35 to 65 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=sandy loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly, cobbly, very gravelly, or very cobbly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=10 to 40 percent
 

Lobdell Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Alluvium
Landform: Flood plains, natural levees on flood plains
Position on the landform: Flat areas, slightly higher areas adjacent to the stream channel
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Gallman, Sloan

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts

Typical Pedon
Lobdell silt loam, channery substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, in Trenton Township; about 2 miles north-northeast of Sunbury; 2,715 feet south and 3,720 feet east of the intersection of Ohio Highway 61 and Stockwell Rd.

Ap=0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) broken, brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, rubbed, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure from 0 to 4 inches; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular from 4 to 9 inches; friable; many fine and few medium roots; 1 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw1=9 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds and in root channels; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2=18 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix and in worm channels and root channels; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3=25 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; few prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in root channels and in pores; many medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
C1=36 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; friable; common prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in root channels and in pores; many medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and gray (10YR 6/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
C2=44 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam and clay loam; massive; friable; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and many medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2C3=48 to 65 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery loam and very channery clay loam; massive; friable; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and many medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 30 percent channers; 20 percent pebbles; neutral.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 24 to 50 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap or A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silt loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 8
Texture=silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

2C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 6
Texture=channery or very channery analogues of loam, clay loam, or sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=15 to 50 percent
 

Loudonville Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Till overlying sandstone
Landform: Ground moraines
Position on the landform: Summits
Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Brecksville, Centerburg, Latham, Smothers

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Loudonville silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in Harlem Township; about .75 mile southwest of Harlem; 2,590 feet south and 2,480 feet east of the intersection of Gorsuch Rd. and Red Bank Rd.

Ap=0 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; many fine and very fine roots; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=12 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=19 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) relict mottles in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
2R=33 to 34 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), hard, fine grained sandstone.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture=silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or the channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=2 to 25 percent

The Loudonville soils in Delaware county have lower base saturation above the lithic contact than is defined as the range for the series.  They classify as fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludults.  This difference, however, does not significantly affect the use or management of the soils.
 

Lybrand Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Slow or very slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Dissected ground moraines and end moraines
Position on the landform: Shoulders, back slopes, dissected areas along streams
Slope: 12 to 25 percent

Adjacent soils: Glynwood, Blount, Scioto

Taxonomic class: Fine, illitic, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Lybrand silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, in Scioto Township; about 6 miles west of Delaware; 550 feet north and 1,000 feet west of the intersection of U.S. Highway 36 and Ohio Highway 257.

Ap=0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=9 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; few prominent brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2=13 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; strong medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2 and 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3=21 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2 and 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline in the upper part grading to moderately alkaline in the lower part; gradual wavy boundary.
BCt=33 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium platy structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) carbonate coatings on faces of peds; very few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) carbonate coatings in old root channels; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) carbonate threads and accumulations in the matrix; 5 percent limestone and shale pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cd=45 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; massive with weak thick platy partings; very firm; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate coatings on faces of vertical partings; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on faces of vertical partings; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of vertical partings; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent limestone and shale pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 24 to 50 inches
Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap or A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Cd horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Martinsville Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Outwash; outwash overlying till in the till substratum phase
Landform: Outwash terraces, ground moraines
Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders, back slopes
Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Blount, Glynwood

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Martinsville loam, till substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in Thompson Township; about 3.5 miles northwest of Radnor; 1,050 feet north and 600 feet east of the intersection of Ohio Highway 203 and Hoskins Rd.

Ap=0 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, rubbed, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; common fine and very fine roots; 1 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=11 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films between sand grains; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; 1 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=17 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3=26 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many prominent brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; very few prominent black (N 2/0) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; 2 percent fine pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4=35 to 49 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fine shale pebbles; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
BCt=49 to 55 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films between sand grains; 1 percent fine shale pebbles; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
C1=55 to 65 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand with strata of very fine sandy loam; single grain; loose; 10 percent fine shale pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear irregular boundary.
2C2=65 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; 5 percent shale and igneous pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 50 to 80 inches
Depth to till: Greater than 80 inches; 60 to 80 inches in the till substratum phase
Depth to carbonates: 50 to 80 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=loamy sand or sandy loam, with strata of fine sandy loam and very fine sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

2C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent
 

Mentor Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Glaciofluvial deposits
Landform: Kames
Position on the landform: Back slopes, shoulders, summits
Slope: 12 to 18 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Centerburg

Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Mentor silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, in Trenton Township; about 1.5 miles east of Condit; 1,500 feet south and 1,250 feet west of the intersection of County Line Rd. and Hartford Rd.

Ap1=0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak coarse granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 2 percent pebbles and shale channers; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Ap2=3 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 2 percent pebbles and shale channers; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=7 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 2 percent pebbles and shale channers; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=24 to 40 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; few faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in macropores, old root channels, and on faces of peds; few prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in rinds surrounding old root channels and on faces of peds; 2 percent pebbles; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3=40 to 62 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; very few very fine roots; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
BCt=62 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam stratified with grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt; weak thick platy structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on horizontal faces of peds; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C=70 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt stratified with grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very fine sandy loam; massive; friable; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of horizontal partings; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 36 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 50 to 70 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap or A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 2 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 2 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=stratified silt, silt loam, and very fine sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent
 

Millgrove Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Outwash
Landform: Outwash terraces, outwash plains
Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions, drainageways
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Gallman, Glynwood, Jimtown, Rossburg, Scioto, Stone

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon
Millgrove silt loam, on a slope of less than 1 percent; the official soil series description pedon located in Morrow County; Canaan Township; about 3.5 mile northwest of Denmark; 1,188 feet north and 1,920 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 5, T. 5 S., R. 17 E.

Ap=0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular; friable; few medium tubular pores; few rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
BA=9 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few rock fragments; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg1=12 to 17 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine vesicular and few medium vesicular and tubular pores; few faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few rock fragments; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2=17 to 21 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Btg3=21 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Btg4=30 to 41 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine vesicular and tubular and few medium pores; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
BCtg=41 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
C1=50 to 59 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam; massive; friable; 15 percent pebbles; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) weathered sandstone fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C2=59 to 74 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; 30 percent pebbles; common medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) weathered sandstone fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C3=74 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly loamy sand; massive; very friable; 30 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches
Thickness of the solum: 30 to 55 inches
Depth to carbonates: 24 to 55 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap and A horizons:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silty clay loam or silt loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 5 percent

Btg horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 10 percent

2C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 3
Texture=very gravelly, extremely gravelly, very cobbly, or extremely cobbly analogues of loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or silt loam
Content of rock fragments=35 to 80 percent
 

Milton Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow
Parent material: Loess, till, and the underlying residuum from limestone or dolostone
Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines
Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders, back slopes
Slope: 2 to 18 percent

Adjacent soils: Glynwood, Lybrand

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Milton silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in Concord Township; about 1.25 miles southeast of Rathbone; 1,120 feet north and 1,250 feet east of the intersection of Ohio Highway 745 and Cook Rd.

Ap=0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots; 1 percent shale pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent limestone and shale pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt2=15 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent limestone and shale pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt3=23 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; 5 percent igneous pebbles; clear irregular boundary.
3BCt=28 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) extremely gravelly clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many prominent brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and on rock fragments; 70 percent rock fragments, mainly limestone; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
3R=31 to 32 inches; white hard limestone.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=1 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=1 to 10 percent

2Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=clay, silty clay, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=1 to 10 percent

3BCt horizon:
Color=hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, or the gravelly to extremely gravelly, cobbly to extremely cobbly, or channery to extremely channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=2 to 70 percent
 

Pacer Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately slow to very slow in the lower part
Parent material: Outwash and till
Landform: Outwash terraces
Position on the landform: Flat areas
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Gallman, Glynwood, Millgrove, Pewamo

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon
Pacer silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Marlboro Township; about 2.5 miles southeast of Norton; 780 feet north and 4,930 feet west of the intersection of Horseshoe Rd. and Cole Rd.

Ap=0 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common fine and medium roots; 1 percent pebbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A=10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, broken, dark brown (10YR 3/3) rubbed, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common fine roots; 1 percent pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1=14 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 30 percent pebbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2=26 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on pebbles; few fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) iron and manganese nodules in the matrix; 40 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3=34 to 51 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; strata of gravelly sandy clay loam; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and on pebbles; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on pebbles; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron and manganese nodules in the matrix; 45 percent pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
2BCt=51 to 66 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Cd=66 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; massive; very firm; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) carbonate coatings on faces of horizontal and vertical partings; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron and manganese nodules in the matrix; 10 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches
Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1 to 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=10 to 50 percent

2Cd or 2C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=silt loam or loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Pewamo Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Parent material: Till
Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines
Position on the landform: Depressions, flat areas, drainageways
Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Blount, Glynwood, Bennington, Condit, Cardington, Centerburg

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon
Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in Oxford Township; about 2.5 miles northwest of Leonardsburg; 625 feet south and 750 feet west of the intersection of Steamtown Rd. and Shoemaker Rd.

Ap1=0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; common very fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Ap2=5 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A=9 to 13 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; many faint black (N 2/0) organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Btg=13 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; few faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; many faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions on faces of peds and in root channels; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1=20 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; very few very fine roots; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings in old root channels and on faces of peds; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2=39 to 57 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese accumulation on faces of peds; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) 2 inch diameter krotovina; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
BC=57 to 68 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in old root channels and on faces of peds; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent black shale and limestone pebbles; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C=68 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; massive; firm; 5 percent black shale and limestone pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches
Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap and A horizons:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Btg and Bt horizons:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=silty clay loam, silty clay, clay, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 10 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 3
Texture=silty clay loam or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent
 

Rarden Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Residuum from shale
Landform: Dissected areas on till plains
Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders, back slopes
Slope: 2 to 50 percent

Adjacent soils: Brecksville, Centerburg, Hyatts, Latham

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, mesic Aquultic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Rarden silt loam, 20 to 50 percent slopes, eroded, in Genoa Township; about 1.25 miles southwest of Harlem; 1,070 feet north and 990 feet west of the intersection of Red Bank Rd. and Duncans Glen Dr.

Ap=0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; few soft shale fragments; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
BE=3 to 6 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and very fine roots; many faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay depletions on faces of peds; few soft shale fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1=6 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) clay depletions in root channels; few fine prominent gray (5YR 6/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; few soft shale fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2=13 to 19 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) and common distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent light gray (5YR 7/1) clay depletions in root channels; few fine prominent gray (5YR 6/1) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent soft shale fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3=19 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) silty clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) and few prominent gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; very few prominent light gray (N 7/0) iron depletions in root channels; few soft shale fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4=28 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; common prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4), common prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and few distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in root channels; 30 percent soft shale fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Cr=38 to 48 inches; alternating layers of dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) soft shale.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 3 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture=silty clay, silty clay loam, or the channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 20 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture=silty clay, clay, silty clay loam, or the channery analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 20 percent
 

Rossburg Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Alluvium
Landform: Flood plains, slightly higher areas adjacent to the stream channel
Position on the landform: Flat areas
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Gallman, Lybrand

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Fluventic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon
Rossburg silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, in Troy Township; about 1 mile north of Delaware; 875 feet north and 2,375 feet west of the intersection of Panhandle Rd. and Case Rd.

Ap=0 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak coarse granular in the upper 3 inches; friable; few fine and very fine roots; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A=14 to 20 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw=20 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; common medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
BC=38 to 67 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings in old root channels; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
C=67 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) stratified silt loam and loam; massive; friable; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; neutral.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches
Thickness of the solum: 40 to 80 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silt loam or loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 20 percent
 

Scioto Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the upper part of the subsoil; moderate or moderately rapid in the lower part of the subsoil and in the substratum
Parent material: Outwash
Landform: Outwash terraces, eskers, kames
Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, summits, shoulders, and back slopes on outwash terraces; summits, shoulders, and back slopes on eskers and kames
Slope: 0 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Glynwood, Rossburg, Milton

Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon
Scioto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Radnor Township; about 3 miles south-southwest of Radnor; 560 feet south and 340 feet west of the intersection of River Rd. and Mink Street Rd.

Ap=0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common fine and very fine roots; 9 percent limestone pebbles; 1 percent limestone cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=10 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; many faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films and common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; 8 percent limestone pebbles; 2 percent limestone cobbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2=16 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent soft limestone around rock fragments; 40 percent limestone cobbles; 25 percent limestone pebbles; 2 percent limestone stones; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual irregular boundary.
2Bt3=28 to 51 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely cobbly silt loam and extremely cobbly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; common prominent brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and on rock fragments; 50 percent limestone cobbles; 20 percent limestone pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual irregular boundary.
2C=51 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely stony coarse sandy loam; massive; friable; pockets of loam; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films in pores and on rock fragments; 40 percent limestone stones; 20 percent limestone cobbles; 15 percent limestone pebbles; 5 percent rock fragments of mixed lithology; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 35 to 60 inches
Depth to carbonates: 10 to 45 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap or A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=silty clay loam, clay, clay loam, or silty clay
Content of rock fragments=5 to 15 percent

2Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=very gravelly, extremely gravelly, very cobbly, or extremely cobbly analogues of silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam
Content of rock fragments=35 to 80 percent

2C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture=extremely cobbly or extremely stony analogues of loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loamy coarse sand
Content of rock fragments=65 to 90 percent
 

Shoals Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Moderate
Parent material: Alluvium
Landform: Flood plains
Position on the landform: Flat areas
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Centerburg, Bennington

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon
Shoals silt loam, occasionally flooded, in Knox County; Middlebury Township; just east of Batemantown; about 250 feet east along Yankee Street Rd. from the intersection of Yankee Street Rd. and Darlington Rd., then about 400 feet south; T. 8 N., R. 14 W.

Ap=0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; few pebbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bg1=10 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg2=16 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thin strata of very fine sandy loam; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few coarse distinct brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common concretions in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw=21 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; thin strata of silt loam and sandy loam; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few concretions in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C1=29 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) stratified loam, silt loam, and sandy loam; massive; very friable; many coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few large concretions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C2=42 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy loam; massive; friable; thin strata of dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; common coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 3 percent

Bg horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=loam or silt loam with thin strata of very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture=loam or silt loam with thin strata of very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture=stratified loam, silt loam, or sandy loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent
 

Sloan Series

Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow
Parent material: Alluvium; alluvium overlying till in the till substratum phase
Landform: Flood plains
Position on the landform: Backswamps, old stream channels, depressions, flat areas
Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Cardington, Centerburg, Glynwood, Lobdell, Rossburg

Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon
Sloan silt loam, till substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, in Trenton Township; about 1 mile south of Condit; 1,110 feet south and 450 feet west of the intersection of Ohio Highway 605 and Murphy Rd.

Ap1=0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Ap2=7 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular; friable; common fine and very fine roots; many prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in pores and old root channels; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A=13 to 19 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; common prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg1=19 to 23 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds and in root channels; common medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg2=23 to 37 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) coatings in root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct gray (N 6/0) irregularly shaped iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Cg1=37 to 42 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) gravelly loam; massive; friable; 20 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2=42 to 50 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 15 percent pebbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg3=50 to 56 inches; mixed dark gray (10YR 4/1) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam; massive; friable; 5 percent pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Cg4=56 to 61 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very gravelly loam; massive; friable; 35 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Cg5=61 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam; massive; firm; 10 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 55 inches
Depth to till: Greater than 80 inches; 60 to 80 inches in the till substratum phase
Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches

Ap horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3, chroma of 2
Texture=silt loam or silty clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 2 percent

A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture=silty clay loam or silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 2 percent

Bg horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 0 to 2
Texture=silty clay loam, silt loam, loam, or clay loam; stratified in some pedons
Content of rock fragments=0 to 5 percent

Cg or C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=clay loam, silty clay loam, loam, silt loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of those textures
Content of rock fragments=0 to 35 percent

2C horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=clay loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent
 

Smothers Series

Depth class: Moderately deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Slow
Parent material: Till overlying sandstone
Landform: Ground moraines
Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, knolls, back slopes
Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Hyatts, Centerburg, Loudonville, Pewamo,

Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon
Smothers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Harlem Township; about .75 mile southwest of Harlem; 2,150 feet south and 900 feet east of the intersection of Gorsuch Rd. and Red Bank Rd.

Ap=0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1=10 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct gray (10YR 6/1) clay depletions on vertical faces of peds in lower 4 inches; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments, both flat and rounded; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary.
2Bt2=22 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) extremely flaggy silty clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many prominent gray (N 5/0) clay films on rock fragments; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 70 percent sandstone flagstones; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
2R=30 to 31 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) hard fine grained sandstone.

Range in Characteristics
Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture=silt loam
Content of rock fragments=0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture=silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=2 to 15 percent

2Bt horizon:
Color=hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture=channery, very channery, extremely channery, flaggy, very flaggy, or extremely flaggy analogues of silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Content of rock fragments=15 to 75 percent
 

Stone Series

Depth class: Deep
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Permeability: Moderately slow in the upper part; moderat